Analysis Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 999 Words

To Kill a Mockingbird vs A Time to Kill To Kill a Mockingbird is a classic film, originally published as a novel by Harper Lee in 1960 and republished as a film by Robert Mulligan in 1962. This movie is based on a white attorney, Atticus Finch, defending an African American man, Tom Robinson, which was accused of raping a white woman. This trial illustrates how server racisms was in the early 1960’s. A Time to Kill is the prefect demonstration to show how racism still exists 30 years later. In 1966, Joel Schumacher directed A Time to Kill (1996). This movie is about a 10 year old black girl, Tonya Hailey, that was brutally raped by two white men. On the day of the trial, her father, Carl Hailey, takes justice into his own hands and kills the men that assaulted his daughter. Carl is represented by a white attorney, Jake Brigance. To Kill a Mockingbird (1962) and A Time to Kill (1996) has many similarities. Jake and Atticus has risked their entire life, family and career to protect an African American man whole heartedly. In doing so, both attorneys put their family and friends in danger. Jake’s wife and daughter were attacked by the Kul Klux Klan. The Klan put a burning cross on their front porch in the middle of the night while they were sleeping, hoping to kill the two while Jake was still at work. This caused his wife and daughter to leave him alone in town until the trial was over. Jake’s assistant was stripped necked by the Klan and beaten inhospitably than leftShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Theme Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1765 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis Of Themes In To Kill A Mockingbird The novel To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, published in 1960, comes out during a flourishing time of tremendous segregation and injustices in the United States. In fact, during this time in America, Civil Rights Movement are at their peak; also, some residents are pushing for equality for all, during this time period. One of those United States citizens who is exposing the South for what it truly is, is Harper Lee. Harper Lee, born on April 28, 1926Read MoreAnalysis of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Essay1360 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee In 1960, Harper Lee published her critically acclaimed book To Kill a Mockingbird. Only a year after being published the American classic novel was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in fiction as well as the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference of Christians and Jews. Gregory Peck stared as Atticus in the successfully adapted 1962 motion picture of To Kill a Mockingbird that won an Academy Award. This book is based on many childhood experiencesRead MoreEssay on Analysis of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1323 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† by Harper Lee is a story of national magnitude that contains complex characters. Harper Lee deals with the emotions and spirits of the characters insightfully. A few of these characters display courage at one point or another in the story. These flashes of courage come during turbulent times of the story, and often led to success. Atticus Finch displayed courage on numerous occasions. Without his wife he had toRead MoreAnalysis Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1431 Words   |  6 PagesPrison in To Kill A Mockingbird Historically, women have spent time living in the shadows of men, purely because of their gender. Women are oppressed and expected to conform to certain gender roles/expectations because of their sex, just like men. Caitlyn Jenner is a transgender female. Her name was Bruce Jenner however she felt trapped in a male’s body when deep in side she knew that she was a female. Caitlyn Jenner did not fit well into the stereotypical description of a male. Harper Lee wrote ToRead MoreAnalysis Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee988 Words   |  4 PagesDo you have the courage to stand up for good when evil lingers all around? To Kill a Mockingbird is set in the town of Maycomb, Alabama, during the great depression, while facing social status discrimination, racial discrimination, prejudices, and stereotyping. However, there remained courage by some to see good in all. While Atticus Finch was of a higher social status as an attorney in Maycomb, he always displayed the courage to sta nd up for what was right, or for good, even when evil lingeredRead MoreAnalysis Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1078 Words   |  5 Pagesmeans those who are poor have less. In To Kill a Mockingbird many of the poverty struck people are looked down on because of status, and there is little to support why they are. If someone has less, it does not necessarily indicate they are less, they just don’t have the means to be where others are in society. Today, there are many, even some who work, that live in poverty. When they get looked down on it is an injustice to society. In To Kill a Mockingbird, two examples of poverty are the CunninghamsRead MoreAnalysis Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee785 Words   |  4 PagesInequality is an issue that the American society has been struggling to solve for generations. Though we would like to say that this problem has been solved throughout time, it sadly has not gotten much better. In the classic novel To Kill A Mockingbird, author Harper Lee takes us back in time to when this issue was more commonly known, the 1930’s. The Finch family had lived in the town of Maycomb for generations and throughout the book it was clearly shown and stated how both women and blacks were seenRead MoreAnalysis Of Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird 1593 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Major Themes †¢ Standards of behavior †¢ Morals/values †¢ Racism Important Symbols †¢ Mockingbirds (Innocence/ morals and values)– The book depicts mockingbirds as innocent creatures that shouldn’t be harmed since they did nothing to harm others. While practicing with their rifles, Atticus tells Jem and Scout that it is a sin to kill a mockingbird. The mockingbirds share a connection with Tom Robinson since they are both innocent and don’t deserve toRead MoreAnalysis Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee880 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis on Tom Robinson’s Trial Harper Lee’s â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† is set in a small Southern United States community called Maycomb during the Great Depression era. The whole book primarily revolves around segregation and racism and how it relates to Maycomb’s history. It eventually leads to the trial of Tom Robinson where he is accused of beating up and raping Mayella Ewell. Even though it was clear that Tom Robinson did not do anything wrong he was convicted by an all white jury simply becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1545 Words   |  7 PagesSouth during the 1930’s, Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird was an instant classic that has endured for more than half a century. Still taught in schools and often referenced in popular culture, Lee’s story of the Finch family in tiny Maycomb, Alabama is known as a â€Å"Great American Novel† because of Lee’s entertaining examination of so many timeless, socially relevant themes. T hrough her characters of Atticus Finch, his daughter Scout, and their mysterious neighbor Boo Radley, Lee considers the theme of

Role of the Mexican-American War in Bridging the Gap...

ABOLITION TO SECESSION VIA MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR 1 The Mexican-American War (1846-1848) marked a midpoint in U.S. history that bridged the gap between the abolitionist movement and the Civil War, which is not always recognized but is in some ways still with us today. Teacher Eric Burnett, for example, outlines a long list of catalysts leading up to the Civil War itself but omits the Mexican-American war even though the Civil War catalysts go back through the 1840s all the way back to Eli Whitney inventing the Cotton Gin in 1793 (2010, n.p.). The Mexican-American war, however, aggravated the division between the free, abolitionist North, and the pro-slave South, where the abolitionist Northerners saw the U.S. annexation of Texas and the lands north of the Rio Grande after the decisive victory over Mexico, as an attempt by the slave states to extend slavery and enhance their power when additional slave states were created out of soon-to-be-acquired Mexican lands (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2012, n.p.). This re-opened a conflict that had been lying dormant since the Missouri Compromise of 1820, where Missouri and any new states south of the Missouri border would enter the Union as slave states, but anything north of Missouri would enter as free states. This aggravated the political division that would result in the birth of the abolitionist Republican party, and cause the imbalance between the pro-slave South, against the anti-slavery North, that led directly to Jan. 1861

Analysis Of John Greene s Our Stars - 971 Words

Pain and suffering often go hand-in-hand; this, of course, has helped the characters from The Fault in Our Stars by â€Å"John Greene† develop stronger relationships with one another and evolve to be more mature: pre-maturely growing in a sense. Plot development within this story is rather deep, progressing towards an increase in maturity within the lines as we go further on. The main point that stands out to be within this is suffering, not just because of the emotional abuse the characters are put through, but as well as the distraught it will have on them in the future. It seems that within the rather painful story-line, there are many different themes. This story is also about temperance and virtue, but I would like to concentrate on the importance of this one for now: The two main characters in this film or story can represent pain and suffering. Usually contrasting each other, these two fit well together since they are very alike meaning this could be why these two people are placed together as a couple, like a jigsaw. In this, we are taught just how amazing something can be to build and how much work you put into it, but, on the other hand how something can be so easily destroyed and how it can fall down to your feet within a couple of moments. Not many people come to realize this until it s too late, but these two obviously know before the time comes. Maybe that s what makes this so emotional to the readers. Unsurprisingly for a novel about kids dying of cancer,Show MoreRelatedComparative Essay: â€Å"Original Creation of the Earth (the Big Bang vs. Sis Day Creation)† Phsc 2101438 Words   |  6 Pagesinterpretation that goes beyond a clear plain meaning of the text is considered to compromise Biblical authority and capitulate to evolut ionary theories†. One look at the Young Earth View is said to be formed from the Modern English Bible. Jon W Greene also writes that â€Å"Two Christian apologists state this problem well: â€Å"When the ‘young earth’ creationist insists that the biblical evidence indicates an earth only six to ten thousand years old, all communication bridges to the secular science communityRead More The Three Major Issues in the Advertising Campaign for Coca Cola Classic5349 Words   |  22 Pagesincrease the number of people who drink Coca-Cola Classic, make our advertising more creative, and to ultimately beat our competitors. Our target market can be explained in just one word, everyone. Since Coca-Cola Classic had been around for many years everyone has heard of it. It does not matter what age, race, religion or what kind of financial status you have. The main thing that we need to do, is to take back all of the people that our competitors have taken away from us over the years. Though weRead MoreCoca-Cola Ad Campaign Essay5516 Words   |  23 Pagesincrease the number of people who drink Coca-Cola Classic, make our advertising more creative, and to ultimately beat our competitors. Our target market can be explained in just one word, everyone. Since Coca-Cola Classic had been around for many years everyone has heard of it. It does not matter what age, race, religion or what kind of financial status you have. The main thing that we need to do, is to take back all of the people that our competitors have taken away from us over the years. 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Organisational Analysis: Notes and Essays Page i Page ii Please do not attempt to eat these notes. CONTENTS Introduction to the Workshop Topics And Themes The Nature and Scope of Organisation Theory Levels of Analysis The MetaphoricalRead MoreCoco Cola18335 Words   |  74 Pagesthe  corn  used to produce corn syrup often comes from genetically altered plants.[8]  Some nutritionists also caution against consumption of high fructose corn syrup because of possible links to  obesity  and  diabetes.[9] This causes problems with Coke s distribution and bottling network, because specific franchise districts are guaranteed an exclusive market area for Coke products. Mexican-made Coca-Cola may often be found for sale in stores catering to the Hispanic immigrant community.  Kosher  for  Passover  Coke

Action Plan for New Nivea in a New Market Segment Free Essays

string(105) " or which tend to promote local culture would go a long way in endearing the new Nivea to target market\." The improving economic conditions in various parts of the world provide individual companies with market opportunities that need to be exploited completely. Some Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FCMG) manufacturers have already made this move whereas others are still concentrating on traditional highly developed economies. This paper illustrates how Nivea, the skin care manufacturer, can exploit market opportunities offered by the fast developing nations. We will write a custom essay sample on Action Plan for New Nivea in a New Market Segment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The paper will specifically extrapolate on how Nivea can develop a wholly new skin care product that would be marketed to specific market segments in the aforementioned nations. The first section highlights on external audit of the new market and product situation, whereas the second part provides internal audit. An action plan for two months before product launching and 12 months after the launch is illustrated throughout the paper. Part I: External Audit The fast developing nations, especially in Asia, provides FCMG manufacturers with grand opportunity to expand global sales. The past three decades have indeed seen disposable incomes in formerly poor countries s increase tremendously. China and India are the best example of countries whose inhabitants have experienced ever-increasing incomes. Higher incomes mean that Indians and Chinese are able to afford products that seemed to be luxury before. Skin care products fall in such category, meaning that Nivea has a ripe market its product portfolio. The younger generation in both countries is especially the ones that Nivea needs to target. The growing taste of luxurious skin care products demands that Nivea embark on supplying products to this lucrative market segment. In addition, the company has to consider developing new products that are specifically designed for this generation; just supplying products from traditional markets might not make significant impact. This market segment need products they can easily associate with, not just imports. Developing a product specifically for the Asian market would therefore get better reception before competitors think of making a similar move. Customers in this market segment would take a pride in using product specifically developed for their uses, as the company reaps benefits through improved sales and market dominance. Nivea is not the only skin care product manufacturer eying the lucrative Asian market, as other global companies are making onslaught in the region (Haig 2006). A greater number of competitors are also supplying imported products to this market segment, meaning that Nivea would be making the initial move of developing and marketing products for this new market. Nivea competitors in these markets can be classified into three groups. First is the group consisting of local manufacturers that have been in the business for many years. The availability of modern technology has enabled these local players to perfect respective products to international. The perfection of respective products mean that indigenous companies are able of competing effectively and defend their market position. The second group includes international players with experience in other markets. This group is most competitive and indeed the one that Nivea should not ignore. The improving economic situation in the region will continue attracting more competition from existing firms. The third group includes companies willing to enter into the Asian lucrative skin care market. Nivea management should further consider that local and international companies could get into joint ventures that could be hard to out-compete. The company should therefore consider a similar approach. A joint marketing venture with local companies should especially be considered in the two months before the launch. This is in understanding that professionals working on local companies have better understanding on consumers and their needs (Riezebos, Kist Kootsra 2003). PESTLE Analysis Pestle Analysis is hereby used to illustrate externalities that Nivea will have to handle in the process of introducing new product in the market segment. These are the issues that the company has little control; they factors are discussed below in detail: Political This factor refers to issues that may affect company operations and thus entry of the new products into the new market segment. National or regional politics have recently determined trade issues in various parts of the world, including Asia. Senior management should therefore consider being informed on political policies that may affect future business. China and India have been on the forefront on the process of creating friendly political processes for companies to establish operations (Pelsmacker 2006). Nivea is thus poised to benefit from friendly trade regime from the two countries. The company can even take advantage of improving investment opportunities in the region to produce therein and consequently supply to other countries in the region as well as worldwide. The company will thus be creating a strong foundation for competitiveness against local and international industry players. Economic: This is among the driving factors leading to Nivea’s entry into the Indian and Chinese young adult market segment. Indeed, as described earlier, this segment has been experiencing expanding disposable incomes that can be used to become Nivea customers. Just like in other countries, the expanding middle class in China and India are having influence over rest of society that would like to copy behavior (Kapferer 2004). Endearing Nivea products to the middle class would eventually see rest of population in the two countries becoming consumers. The region holds good fortunes considering that economic progress being experienced currently is poised to continue in coming decades. It is for this reason that Nivea should seize the opportunity of embarking on supplying new products in the Asian sub-market. Social: This factor regards social sensitiveness that the company has to consider, especially before entering the market segments. This should especially be considered in the two months prior to supplying company products in the region. The social issues should further be considered when preparing for advertisements that must not be offending in any way. In addition, the target market should be able to connect with the product socially, which could include packaging and presentation. Having products connecting with people socially, or which tend to promote local culture would go a long way in endearing the new Nivea to target market. You read "Action Plan for New Nivea in a New Market Segment" in category "Papers" Any clash with the local culture and customs could result to the company being out competed by other industrial players. Technological: The technological factor refers to production and production processes used to manufacture products and subsequently supply to consumers. Nivea management should in the two months before rolling out the products ensure putting the technology in place. In addition, Nivea’s senior management should embark on being on the forefront of using modern technologies that would improve productivity. Embarking on taking this route would provide the company with long run high productivity, meaning that only high quality products would be generated from Nivea. Relying on technology for continued quality improvement would result to more endearment with consumers in the region. Management should thus embark on improving technology in order to keep improving. Environmental: The environmental factor is hereby taken to mean issues affecting the industry as a whole. This especially includes the size of competition and the future of the industry. The number of competitors is a key determinant of competitiveness. Few players does not necessarily mean low competition as more companies can enter the industry in later time periods. Industrial effect on environment is also addressed in this factor. Participants have to thus ensure reducing and totally eliminating the effect of operations on the environment, such pollution. Governments in various parts of the world have heavy fines and punishments to companies and individuals whose operations affect environment negatively. Companies have on the other hand embarked on reducing effects on environment as part of their corporate social responsibility (Bruhn 2002), which is something that Nivea should take seriously in China and India. Legislative: This factor applies to government policies that could affect operations relating to production and supply of skin care products in respective jurisdictions. This is a factor that Nivea cannot in any way control. The company should be well prepared to deal with new legislations that could come before and after launching new products in the market. In addition, the responsible managers should embark on developing ways and means of coping with operational changes that could come with new legislations. Overcoming legislative challenges should form the key foundation for success in the market segments, considering positive relationship between the company regulatory authorities and consumers. Part II: Internal Audit This second part highlights internal factors that Nivea can use to create strong foundation for success in the new market segments and its new product line. The company has been in the business of manufacturing and supplying skin care products since 1911 (Nivea 2008). The company has since expanded operations to many parts of the world, but has in most cases supplied products manufactured for older market. Indeed, the current undertaking would be among few occasions that Nivea has embarked on developing new products for new markets. The SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) Analysis below illustrates how the company needs to apply before, during and after launching. Strengths: Nivea’s track record of manufacturing is among the strengths that will make market penetration in the new segment possible. Company products thus command a huge following in historical markets, which could be replicated in the new markets. The strength of going at greater lengths to meet consumer demands is best being applied in the Asian market through new products. This start by designing products that easily meet consumer skin care needs adequately. The second step is the organizational culture of getting customer feedback on all products, whether new or old in respective markets (Flapper 2005; Pecotich 2006). This allows consumers to express their concerns or satisfactions with the products. The target market in India and China would thus get opportunities to inform Nivea representatives on how the new products could be improved. The company can thus embark on improving the products in line with consumer demands and tastes. The long-term result is continued improvement of company products’ competitiveness in the lucrative Asian market. Weaknesses: The entry into wholly new market segment with brand new products serves as the greatest weakness, considering that the company has certainly never had such undertaking in the region. There are few learning opportunities for the involved officials to get lessons. However, notes Keller (2006) Nivea has a history of turning weaknesses into business opportunities that have been exploited to the maximum—this should also happen with introduction on new products in the Asian sub-market, especially in the beginning stages. Opportunities: The improving economic conditions in the fast developing Asian countries provide ripe market for Nivea skincare products. Ever increasing segment of the populations having more funds to spend on company products. Nivea should thus position itself in tapping into this lucrative market. In addition, the company should take advantage of the improving business environment in the region. China and India are increasingly becoming competitive in the international arena, which has resulted to many companies setting operations there. Companies that have taken advantage of reduced operational costs. Nivea, too, should embark on setting foot in the two countries, and subsequently produce for local market and export to other countries. Threats: Competition from local and international firms brings out major threats for Nivea entry into the new company. Local companies have for many years been able to perfect respective products to international standards (Hymes 2007). This has made them formidable competitors in skin care industry. New entrants therefore understand they are up against tough players. Naivea management further needs to consider that international skin care industry participants are also eying the same Asian market, which compounds competitive challenges. Bust as illustrated earlier, Nivea has had a history of outdoing competition on many fronts. Repeating this feat in China and India is thus more likely to happen. How to cite Action Plan for New Nivea in a New Market Segment, Papers

The study of amitav ghosh novels free essay sample

Amitav Ghosh can be seen as the flag bearer of the fearlessness and freedom that the contemporary Indian writer in English embodies. Although Salman Rushdie is the pioneer who put the post colonial scene on the literary map, yet Amitav Ghosh has become one of the central figures to emerge after the success of Rushdie`s Midnight`s Children. Yet when compared to Rushdie, published criticism on Ghosh is not very substantial. Most of the critical essays are limited to his more popular fictional works like The Shadow Lines, In an Antique Land and The Calcutta Chromosome. Ghosh is one writer who combines history with a very contemporary vision of a world free of discrete cartographical divisions. The advancement in electronic technology, instant communic ation and networking, a proliferation of global television channels has to a great extent dissolved all kinds boundaries and br ought the world a lot closer. Amitav Ghosh`s prime thematic concern likewise is using the travel motif to create a neutral space where barriers dissolve and borders are blurred. It is precisely this cosmopolitanism which makes today`s Indian novelist stand at par with and not separate from global writers of English. More over the constant concern with the subaltern who`s lost in the annals of history, endears him to the readers. The immense amount of research that he puts in to his works is woven beautifully in a blend of generic expectations making them perfect encasements for the prominent thematic concerns of contemporary Indian literary world. A critical study of the prime thematic concerns of Amitav Ghosh`s novels is thus an opportunity not just to peruse a substantial body of work that meditates up on a core set of issues concerning post colonialism in the contemporary fiction al writing with special focus on the marginalised subaltern; but also to view history with a novel perspective. The proposed research work, is an attempt to make a thematic study of the fictional works by Amitav Ghosh and a revelation of the patterns inherent therein. A tentative scheme of chapter progression is as under. Chapter I: Introduction: The introductory chapter is an endeavour at placing Amitav Ghosh in Modern Indian literary context. With due emphasis on the author under study, due credit has been given to the predecessors, the harbingers of Indian novel in English who set the stage and prepared the soil for the contemporary novelists. The emerging trends in terms of thematic concerns of novelists of today have been studied in the light of chan ging patterns across 2 decades. Chapter II: The second chapter entitled ‘The Migrant Subaltern: The Traveller in The Circle of Reason’ attempts an analytical study of The Circle of Reason, the first novel by Amitav Ghosh, with focus on the migrating subalter n and his predicament. The chapter discusses how the novel written in the style of magic realism, popularised by Salman Rushdie in his Midnight’s Children – a mixing of historical and fantastic elements to create an interesting work of fiction, can be studied as a bildungsroman, the study of coming of age of the main protagonist Alu. Carrying forward the travel motif, his picaresque adventures in the course of his journey from Lalpukur, across the Indian Ocean to the oil town of al-Ghazira on the Persian Gulf, form both the setting and the chief concern of the novel. Ghosh’s penchant for obliterating borders both in terms of themes as well as generic experimentation is introduced in this very first fictional work. But overriding all this is the representatio n of the subaltern class and the travel motif as the subalterns are in a perpetual journey. Indian philosophy inspires the circular pattern of this novel. Ghosh takes inspiration from The Bhagavad-Gita to name the three sections of the novel. The three par ts are named after the three gunas – Satwa, Rajas and Tamas with the respective characteristics dominating in each part. Chapter III: Entitled ‘The Blurring Borders: Post-Colonial Travel in The Shadow Lines’, this chapter discusses the impact of momentous events like the freedom movement of Bengal, the second world war, the partition of India and miasma of communal hatred breaking out into riots in East Pakistan following the Hazratbal shrine incident in Srinagar in 1964. It is an apt revelation of the fragility of partition, borderlines between countries and the cartographical lines which claim to separate people and communities. It is the collective consciousness and the memory of common historical events that transcends the boundaries of nations and brings people of different countries together. The Shadow Lines is a non-sequential journey moving back and forth from past to present and back again with the narrative taking the characteristics of a palimpsest, with past seeping through to the present. Ghosh’s division of the book into two parts ‘Going Away’ and ‘Coming Home’ to bring home the implications of ‘Home’ in a post colonial scenario, 3 where the native is the traveller, is discussed. CHAPTER IV: Entitled ‘Giving Voice to History: Subaltern Revived i n In an Antique Land’, the fourth chapter is an attempt at discussing , how Ghosh gives a prominent voice to the obscure subaltern, who is lost in the oblivion of historical annals. The narrative of the book can be split into two distinct parts. The first is Ghosh’s autobiographical account of his anthropological research trip to Egypt as a researcher where, as he reveals to the reader, he experiences alienation and cultural isolation. The second part is Ghosh’s discovery of Bomma, the Indian slave of Abraham Ben Yiju, a Jewish merchant from Tunisia, who arrived in India around 1130 AD, vi a Egypt and Aden. Typical of a Ghosh novel, In an Antique Land also creates borderless cultural spaces with a free flow of religious and cultural ideas and practices. The novel defies the classifications of genre, being an amalgam of a travelogue, an anthropological research thesis, ethnography and a novel. But all said and done about history and research, it is the concern for and an insight into the world of the subaltern that predominates the rest of the ideas in the book. Chapter V: The fifth chapter entitled: ‘The Subaltern Researcher in Ghosh’s Medical History: The Calcutta Chromosome’, is an attempt at analysing how The Calcutta Chromosome further continues Ghosh’s peculiar themes and techniques albeit in a changed garb. Set in the near future, the main narrative of the novel revolves around an examination of the history of late nineteenth century malaria research by Murugan, the cynical protagonist, who is of the conviction that there is a secret history that has been erased from the scribal records of medical history. The chapter tries to unravel the theme of post -coloniality, dealt with in an unconventional manner, wherein, it is the subaltern colonized native who has the upper hand, in place of the privileged colonizer. And the fact that it is a woman, who spearheads the research work, implies the victory of the twice -colonized female, that too, one belonging to the backward class of sweepers. Throughout his entire oeuvre, Ghosh has exhibited his love of histories, and his novels stick to the verity of annals to a great extent. The chapter discusses how Ghosh’s concern with the predicament of the subaltern who has been obscure in history, predominates in this medical history in the guise of science-fiction. 4 The book revolves around discovering the ‘interpersonal transference’ of knowledge, since it offers to dissolve the barriers between elite and subaltern classes, between the educated and the illiterate. Th roughout the text, readers are in the quest of the real discoverers and what they have discovered. The chapter highlights how the borderline between the discoverers and – those who are discovered is a very porous one, bringing into focus Ghosh’s persistent concern with the dissolution of boundaries. Chapter VI: The sixth chapter entitled, ‘Post-Colonial Migrations: The Displaced Generations in The Glass Palace’ is devoted to unravel the theme of alienation and colonial displacement of the characters , who cross boundaries and make several transitions during their lifetime, in the novel The Glass Palace. The emphasis, like all Ghosh’s fiction is again on highlighting the obliteration of borders that is a result of crossovers and transitions presented in the novel. The Glass Palace is a perfect manifestation of almost all the major concerns of Ghosh, blended into a wonderful epic narrative. But over riding all the thematic concerns is the theme of post -coloniality. Nation formation is a major tool in the process of colonization and The Glass Palace records and indites the experiences of first such races inhabiting British occupied territories in South East Asia, who are dying to make their own nation. The novel is the author’s attempt to remap the history of three south Asian countries, Myanmar, India and Malaysia all sites of the British Empire through the late 19 th and 20 th centuries. The turbulent cultural crossovers, conflicts, histories and nations as a metaphor of loss make up the central concern of Ghosh. This displacement and movement on an epic scale leads us to the major concern of Ghosh in most of his fictional and even non -fictional works which is the blurring and a subsequent obliteration of borders whether geographical,  cultural, racial or even psychological. Chapter VII: The seventh chapter entitled: ‘Borders – Dissolved: An Ecological Perspective of The Hungry Tide’ takes an eco-critical view of Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide where it is predominantly nature that takes the onus of destroying and re-defining boundaries. It attempts to discuss how Ghosh deals with the more intimate world of personal divisions between men and women besides geographical divisions. The chapter further discusses how Ghosh continues his experimentation with genres by combining ecological p erspective  5 with scientific research work and a pervading desire for a society free of all divisions. Chapter VIII: The eighth chapter is conclusive in nature and is devoted to the manner in which the various themes are interrelated. It sums up the finding s of the preceding chapters and offers an overall view of the findings. The chapter takes a birds eye view of Ghosh’s non-fiction which is the true precursor of the themes dealt with by him. Besides his essays the chapter also dwells briefly upon Sea of Poppies and River of Smoke, Ghosh’s latest venture. Through an analysis of Ghosh’s fictional works, the proposed work has tried to unravel the various thematic concerns that have recurred in his novels. The omnipresent travel motif and the desire to dream o f a world free of divisions and separations, has been inculcated in all his works, though in varying manners. The predicament of the migrating subaltern and the changing perspectives of the post colonial subject are discussed , involving a variety of characters in diverse and exotic geographical settings that change with each of his work. All his works characteristically defy any categorisation in terms of genre. To conclude the proposed research work, it is discussed how Ghosh’s fiction reveals recurrent patterns of the major themes of boundary crossing and travel which chiefly involve the subaltern class with each fiction involving mass movements of individuals. A vision of a borderless space where all divisions blu r and disappear pre-dominates all the themes. Ghosh diligently researches each situation and location, emphasizing the history behind it, in all his fictional works which are difficult to classify and limit within the characteristics of particular generic expectations.

Summary Jurassic Park Essays - , Term Papers

Summary: Jurassic Park Jurassic Park is divided into seven sections, each with a quote from Ian Malcolm. He was a mathematician who specialized in the field called chaos theory, which based itself mainly on nonlinear equations. The first section follows the paths of several scenes, where in each one, there is evidence pointing to the appearance of dinosaurs. One of these scenes included in the very beginning, where a man was flown in to a doctor with mortal wounds surrounding his body. One of his last words was "raptor", which meant "bird of prey." Another was when a young girl was bit by a so called lizard, but the lizard fit closely to the description of a dinosaur. The second section ties in with the first one, but now the reader is presented with scientific evidence of living dinosaurs. Here the reader is given a little insight of the background to the situation, as Bob Morris, part of the EPA, reveals information that InGen had three Cray XMP's shipped to Costa Rica, which were very powerful supercomputers, and 24 Hoods, which were automated gene sequencers. Later on, the carcass of a dinosaur, which was found near the sight where the young girl was bit, was sent to a lab to be examined, and it was identified as a Procompsognathus, thought to be extinct for millions of years. The scientists who witnessed the evidence, Ellie Sattler and Alan Grant, both foremost in the fields of paleontology, were soon requested to fly down to a private island off of Costa Rica by John Hammond, founder of InGen. A little later on in the second section, the story unfolds somewhat, when the scene shifts to a meeting of the Biosyn Corporation of Cupertino, where they explain that InGen was cloning dinosaurs. The Biosyn company then hires Lewis Dodgson, an scientists who worked at InGen, to help them steal dinosaur embryo's for them. He starts off toward Costa Rica as Ellie and Grant arrive in Jurassic Park, and get their first glimpses of the dinosaurs. The third section begins with Ellie and Grant about to tour the park. They are joined by two children, the grandchildren of Hammond, Tim and Lex Murphy. Tim was only eleven but he knew a lot about dinosaurs because he was very interested in them. The small group is first taken on a tour through the main building of the park by Mr. Regis, head of Public Relations. Here is when Regis explains the process in which the dinosaurs where able to be cloned. He explained that to obtain full strands of dinosaur DNA, they extracted the blood from ancient insects, hoping to find biting insects which still had dinosaur DNA within them. Regis then takes them to a room where the Cray super computers are busily working, repairing broken DNA segments. Then they arrive in the fertilization room, and then the hatchery. Later, they are taken to the control room, where almost all the park functions could be maintained. The main computer sustained accurate numbers and locations of all the dinosaurs in the park, motion detectors where set up throughout the park, and video cameras. So it was virtually a foolproof system. After leaving the control room, the visitors climb aboard Toyota Land Cruisers, which acted as the mode of transportation throughout the park. They move along the park, looking at Dilophosaurus, Triceratops, and the ferocious Tyrannosaurus Rex. Everything was going all as planned, but as Ian Malcolm had predicted, things started to go wrong. First, back at control, they did scans around the park and found out that the dinosaurs were breeding, something they were genetically not able to do. Next, Alan, and the kids saw that a group of raptors, fierce predators, were about to board a ship headed toward the mainland. But at that exact time it began to rain and Dennis Nedry, hired by Lewis Dodgson to steal the embryo's, shut down the main power to the main computer. This started a chain reaction that escalated to the destruction of the entire park. And so begins the fourth section of the novel. When Nedry had shut off the main computer, all the electricity in the park went down as well. This was bad timing, because Alan, and the kids were trapped in the Land Cruisers right next to the T-Rex pin. And because the electricity was out, the fences all around the park were not electric, which allowed the animals to get free. And this meant bad news for Alan and

Why Professional Editing Matters

Why Professional Editing Matters In this day and age of technology and the faster is better credo, good writing seems to have fallen by the wayside. You write texts and messages with abbreviations, incomplete sentences, and emoticons. Informal writing seems to have run rampant and become more acceptable. Yet, proper and effective formal writing has never been as integral to keeping up and excelling in this ultra-competitive world.You know that writing is a difficult thing to do, even for professionals. Your stomach churns and you feel a sense of dread when a professor gives you a college essay to write, when your boss asks you to prepare a presentation at a meeting, or when you work on crafting the perfect cover letter for your dream job.But now it is more important than ever to have good writing skills and well-written documents, whether they are for business, personal, non-profit, academic, or job search-related use. You need to present yourself in the best way possible- to avoid embarrassing mistakes, to get that job, to get into a top-rated school, to make an effective presentation at work, or to raise awareness and much-needed money for a charity cause.What do editing and proofreading services entail?Theres more to editing and crafting a good paper than meets the eye. When a document is edited and proofread, the following corrections and modifications are made:Fix spelling, grammar, punctuation, syntax, and verb tense mistakes.Improve sentence structure.Adhere to particular style guide rules.Enhance clarity and improve flow.Reorganize paragraphs.Fix awkward wording and find the perfect words.Correct ESL mistakes.The types of editing and the differences between themHow many types of editing are there? The simple answer to that question is two: editing and proofreading. But one can also argue that there are three main categories: editing, proofreading, and copyediting. Then there are the specialized subcategories, such as book manuscript and dissertation editing.Editing is more comprehensiv e and substantive, and it focuses on the style, flow, and subject area of your document and may require specialization. Proofreading focuses on going over each line of text and making sure all punctuation marks are in the right places, and that there are no spelling and grammar mistakes.Copyediting is not as widely-known; it is typically found in publishing, and may be done in addition to traditional editing and proofreading. It usually occurs before proofreading; the copyeditor checks for grammar, spelling, and punctuation mistakes, and looks at overall style issues and specific style guide adherence (e.g., Turabian, MLA, APA).Can you do the editing yourself or do you need someone to help you?You need a second pair of eyes to spot mistakes and typos, to clean up, polish, and improve your writing. You need an outsiders point of view because you are simply too close to your own text. There are typos, gaps, and awkward wording and structure that you wont even notice. Your writing or s tory may sound clear and error-free to you, but you may be incorrect.You need a fresh perspective and point-of-view. Famous novelists and writers have resorted to some weird tricks to get this much-needed new perspective. Virginia Woolf allegedly wrote on an angled three-and-a-half-foot tall desk so she could read her work both up-close and at a distance. You dont need to go to such extremes; hiring a professional editor will also do the trick.Why you cant find all of your own writing mistakesIt all boils down to science. As Mics Eric Brodwin explains, there are two main reasons for this discrepancy:This is your brain on writingWhen you think creatively, you use different parts of the brain than when you think with more routine traditional tasks. Studies by radiologist Martin Lotze of the University of Greifswald in Germany have shown that your brain concentrates more on formulating and communicating complex ideas and thoughts, and not on less complicated, simpler areas of writing s uch as spelling and other typos. Psychologist Tom Stafford, who studies typos at the University of Sheffield in the United Kingdom, states in Wired, When youre writing, youre trying to convey meaning. Its a very high-level task.This is your brain on editingYou dont see typos in your own work. You see what you want to see. As Nick Stockton explains in Wired, The reason we dont see our own typos is because what we see on the screen is competing with the version that exists in our heads. You are too close to the text, you know what you have (or intended) to write, so you dont have a fresh perspective. Glaring omissions and mistakes escape your eyes. You think everything looks good in your document, but little do you know. This graphic demonstrates why it is difficult (if not impossible) to catch all of your own typos.Examples of embarrassing mistakes todayNewspapers and other media often contain attention-garnering typos. Los Angeles Times writer Steve Harvey said in 2004, Over the yea rs, readers have sent me ads with such spectacular malapropisms as Chip and Dale furniture, Floor Shine shoes, Waynes Coating, Chester Drawers and Rod Iron. (Translation: Chippendale, Florsheim, wainscoting, chest of drawers and wrought iron.)Why editing is a big dealTo illustrate the importance of editing and the difficulty you face finding typos in writing (especially in your own), Danny Rubin created a quiz for NY Times readers. He inserted 14 errors into five articles. See how carefully you read and if you can find them all!What professional editing can do for youEditing can actually be just as important as the writing itself, and it can take more time than writing. Businesses, students, job seekers, novelists, college and grad school applicants, and others can all benefit from professional online editing services. Novelists often have only one shot at getting published; they need to make the most of their opportunity.BusinessIn todays fast-paced and competitive business environ ment, you require professional solutions to create a strong corporate identity. The stakes are high in the workplace, in all forms of business communication- from financial reports and presentations, to emails and websites. Companies often have one chance to make a positive first impression. Spelling, grammatical and punctuation mistakes, awkward wording, and lack of clarity and proper structure can undermine and damage your professional reputation, credibility, and message. An incorrect abbreviation or missing or misplaced comma or apostrophe can cause miscommunication, confusion, and embarrassment. Poor writing style, typos, and omissions can reduce the look and sound of professionalism and turn off clients, potential investors, bosses, or co-workers.AcademicAn ever-increasing number of people are furthering their education these days. How can you make your essay stand out in the crowd when applying to college or grad school? Making the best possible first impression is necessary to stand out from the pack and to get admitted to your chosen school. Writing error-free and compelling college entrance essays will impress and gain the attention of admissions counselors.A professional editor can polish your writing and increase the chances of your essay not being viewed as being mediocre. You need to capture the interest of admissions or impress that particular professor. Put your best foot forward with an editors help.Job marketIn todays ultra-competitive job market, a well-crafted resume and cover letter can make all the difference in scoring a job interview or offer. They are your marketing tools to potential employers. Make sure your resume and cover letter are not overlooked in the pile. Good editing will help make your writing shine and stand apart from the rest.The goal of your writing is to make your particular document an effective communication tool, and editing helps accomplish that mission. Good editing is an investment in your education, career, or e ndeavor. It enhances clarity and makes your writing more credible, persuasive, and professional-sounding. It will give you the winning edge.Professional online editing servicesWith professional online editing services, you can choose the editor best-suited for your project. You can take the time to read editors qualifications and previous experiences, see their portfolios, and request free sample edits. You have the ability to find the editor who is the perfect fit. Like The Story of Goldilocks and the Three Bears, you can look for and find the bowl of porridge that is not too hot, not too cold, but just right.So what can you expect from your editor? What benefits will be provided? A good editor has various responsibilities and serves different functions. She can be a mentor and guide your writing to where it needs to be. Your editor will provide a much-needed second pair of eyes, a fresh perspective, and an outsiders point-of-view. She will provide constructive criticism, save you time, and reduce your anxiety about your paper. Remember that professional editors are just that- professionals. They are experts in the field of editing (and often writing). You can find one who has experience with the specific topic area of your writing. Editors will provide feedback on how to best improve your document. You can always pick and choose which changes to accept and which advice to follow.Professional online editors will help polish and perfect your writing, and make it the best possible version. They will take your document to the next level.Small errors, big consequencesHere are two examples of how seemingly simple writing errors can have costly consequences:The printer of the 1632 edition of the Wicked Bible was fined  £300 ($52,000 today) for the omission of the word not in the seventh commandment, Thou shalt commit adultery. That one mistake changed the entire meaning of the commandment. The printer not only faced a hefty fine, but his license was also suspende d.There is also the Canadian case in which a single comma enabled one party to exit the contracts arrangement with a single-years notice, instead of the originally intended five-year term. The cost of this blunder was one million Canadian dollars.The election process is not immune from costly editing errors either. The clerk of Ottawa County in Michigan had to apologize in 2010 for two errors that were made on election ballots in four years. Two candidates names were missing from absentee ballots mailed to approximately 1,400 voters. Reprints cost $48,570. Another ballot error in 2006 cost more than $48,000 in reprints. The letter L was omitted from the word public on a proposal on the ballot.Famous words of wisdom – My favorite editing quotesHere are some words of wisdom that perfectly capture why you need editing, especially professional editing, for your important written documents.You write to communicate to the hearts and minds of others whats burning inside you, and we edit to let the fire show through the smoke.Arthur PlotnikAn editor should tell the author his writing is better than it is. Not a lot better, a little better.T. S. EliotEditing might be a bloody trade, but knives arent the exclusive property of butchers. Surgeons use them too.Blake MorrisonWhat are your favorite quotes about editing?To sum it all upSimply put, good writing requires good editing. Editing and proofreading are challenging and time-consuming jobs to do. So it is best to have your document professionally edited. A good editor can serve many beneficial functions and help make you a better writer. Impress your boss, publisher, human resources, or professor with a well-crafted and well–edited document.Get your paper professionally edited, and get the most out of your writing. Stand out from the crowd and give your writing the winning edge.